Schwitters B, Masquelier J.
OPC in Practice: Bioflavanols and their Applications. Rome, Italy:Alfa Omega; 1993.
Masquelier J, Dumon MC, Dumas J. Stabilization of collagen by procyanidolic oligomers [in French; English abstract].
Acta Ther. 1981;7:101 - 105.
Masquelier J. Procyanidolic oligomers (Leucocyanidins) [translated from French].
Parfums Cosmetiques Aromes. 1990;95:89 - 97.
Tixier JM, Godeau G, Robert AM, et al. Evidence by in vivo and in vitro studies that binding of pycnogenols to elastin affects its rate of degradation by elastases.
Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;33:3933 - 3939.
Maffei Facino R, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Free radical scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from
Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective action.
Arzneimittelforschung. 1994;44:592 - 601.
Kuttan R, Donnelly PV, Di Ferrante N. Collagen treated with (+)-catechin becomes resistant to the action of mammalian collagenase.
Experientia.
1981;37:221 - 223.
Masquelier J, Dumon MC, Dumas J. Stabilization of collagen by procyanidolic oligomers [in French; English abstract].
Acta Ther. 1981;7:101 - 105.
Thebaut JF, Thebaut P, Vin F. Study of Endotelon in functional manifestations of peripheral venous insufficiency [translated from French].
Gaz Med.
1985;92:96 - 100.
Henriet JP.
Exemplary study for a phlebotropic substance, the EIVE Study
[translated from French]. Fairfield, Conn: Primary Source; not dated.
Delacroix P. Double-blind study of Endotelon in chronic venous insufficiency [translated from French].
La Revue de Medecine. Aug/Sept.1981;no.27 - 28:1793 - 1802.
Arcangeli P. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency.
Fitoterapia.
2000;71:236 - 244.
Petrassi C, Mastromarino A, Spartera C. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency.
Phytomedicine. 2000;7:383 - 388.
Pecking A, Desprez-Curely JP, Megret G. Oligomeric grape flavanols (Endotelon ) in the treatment of secondary upper limb lymphedemas [translated from French]. Study on file with manufacturer, International Nutrition Company (INC),Vaduz, Liechtenstein. 1989;69 - 73.
Baruch J. Effect of Endotelon in postoperative edema. Results of a double-blind study versus placebo in 32 female patients [translated from French].
Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 1984;29:393 - 395.
Parienti JJ, Parienti-Amsellem J. Post traumatic edemas in sports: a controlled test of Endotelon [translated fromFrench].
Gaz Med Fr. 1983;90:231 - 236.
Maffei Facino R, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Free radical scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from
Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective action.
Arzneimittelforschung. 1994;44:592 - 601.
Dartenuc JY, Marache P, Choussat H. Capillary resistance in geriatry: a study of microangioprotector = Endotelon [translated from French].
Bord Med.
1980;13:903 - 907.
Preuss HG, Wallerstedt D, Talpur N, et al. Effects of niacin-bound chromium and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects: a pilot study.
J Med. 2000;31:227 - 246.
Bernstein CK, Deng C, Shuklah R, et al. Double blind, placebo controlled (DBPC) study of grapeseed extract in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) [abstract].
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107:abstr 1018.
Maffei Facino R, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Free radical scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from
Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective action.
Arzneimittelforschung. 1994;44:592 - 601.
Kuttan R, Donnelly PV, Di Ferrante N. Collagen treated with (+)-catechin becomes resistant to the action of mammalian collagenase.
Experientia.
1981;37:221 - 223.
Masquelier J. Procyanidolic oligomers.
Parfums Cosmetiques Aromes. 1990;95:89 - 97.
Masquelier J, Dumon MC, Dumas J. Stabilization of collagen by procyanidolic oligomers [in French; English abstract].
Acta Ther. 1981;7:101 - 105.
Schwitters B, Masquelier J.
OPC in Practice: Bioflavanols and their Applications. Rome, Italy:Alfa Omega; 1993.
Tixier JM, Godeau G, Robert AM, et al. Evidence by in vivo and in vitro studies that binding of pycnogenols to elastin affects its rate of degradation by elastases.
Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;33:3933 - 3939.
Bagchi D, Garg A, Krohn RL, et al. Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro.
Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1997;95:179 - 189.
Thebaut JF, Thebaut P, Vin F. Study of Endotelon in functional manifestations of peripheral venous insufficiency [translated from French].
Gaz Med.
1985;92:96 - 100.
Arcangeli P. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency.
Fitoterapia.
2000;71:236 - 244.
Petrassi C, Mastromarino A, Spartera C. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency.
Phytomedicine. 2000;7:383 - 388.
Henriet JP.
Exemplary study for a phlebotropic substance, the EIVE Study
[translated from French]. Fairfield, Conn: Primary Source; not dated.
Delacroix P. Double-blind study of Endotelon in chronic venous insufficiency [translated from French].
La Revue de Medecine. Aug/Sept.1981;no.27 - 28:1793 - 1802.
Pecking A, Desprez-Curely JP, Megret G. Oligomeric grape flavanols (Endotelon ) in the treatment of secondary upper limb lymphedemas [translated from French]. Study on file with manufacturer, International Nutrition Company (INC),Vaduz, Liechtenstein. 1989;69 - 73.
Baruch J. Effect of Endotelon in postoperative edema. Results of a double-blind study versus placebo in 32 female patients [translated from French].
Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 1984;29:393 - 395.
Parienti JJ, Parienti-Amsellem J. Post traumatic edemas in sports: a controlled test of Endotelon [translated fromFrench].
Gaz Med Fr. 1983;90:231 - 236.
Corbe C, Boissin JP, Siou A. Light vision and chorioretinal circulation. Study of the effect of procyanidolic oligomers [translated from French].
J Fr Ophtalmol. 1988;11:453 - 460.
Boissin JP, Corbe C, Siou A. Chorioretinal circulation and dazzling: use of procyanidol oligomers [in French; English abstract].
Bull Soc OphtamolFr.
1988;88:173 - 174, 177 - 179.
Schwitters B, Masquelier J.
OPC in Practice: Bioflavanols and their Applications. Rome, Italy:Alfa Omega; 1993.
Wegrowski J, Robert AM, Moczar M. The effect of procyanidolic oligomers on the composition of normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbit aortas.
Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;33:3491 - 3497.
Uchida S, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M. Condensed tannins scavenge active oxygen free radicals.
Med Sci Res. 1987;15:831 - 832.
Gendre PM, Laparra J, Barraud E. Protective effect of procyanidolic oligomers on experimental lathyrism in rats [in French; English abstract].
Ann Pharm Fr. 1985;43:61 - 71.
Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE.
Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag; 1998:283.
Hosseini S, et al. Pycnogenol in the Management of Asthma.
Journal Of Medicinal Food.
2001;4:201-210
Hosseini S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients.
Nutrition Research.
2001; 21:1251-1260.
Stefanescu M, et al. Pycnogenol efficacy in the treatment of systemic lupus Erythematosus Patients.
Phytother Res.
2001;15:698-704.
Spadea L, Balestrazzi E., Treatment of vascular retinopathies with pycnogenol.
Phytother Res.
2001;15:219-223.
Koch R. Comparative study of Venostasin and Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency.
Phytother Res.
2002;16 Suppl 1:S1-S5.
Kimbrough C, Chun M, dela Roca G, et al. PYCNOGENOL chewing gum minimizes gingival bleeding and plaque formation.
Phytomedicine.
2002;9:410-413.
Schonlau F, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol for diabetic retinopathy. A review.
Int Ophthalmol. 2001;24:161 - 171.
Lesbre FX. Effect of endotelon on the capillary fragility index in a specific group: cirrhotic subjects .
Gaz Med Fr. 1983;90:332 - 337.
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