Definition

Reyes syndrome is a serious but rare condition. It causes a build up of fat and swelling in most organs. Reyes is most harmful to the liver and and brain.

It tends to occur during recovery from a viral infection. Early treatment is important for a recovery.

Causes

The cause of Reyes syndrome is unknown.

Risk Factors

Reyes occurs most often in children aged 2-16 years but can occur in anyone. Factors that may increase the risk of Reyes syndrome include:

• Recent viral illness, including:
  • Upper respiratory infection
  • Influenza (the flu)
  • Chickenpox
• Use of aspirin or other salicylates especially in children during viral illness (like flu or chickenpox)
• Fatty acid oxidation disorder
• Exposure to certain toxins

Symptoms

Symptoms usually occur after a viral illness and may include:

• Frequent or persistent vomiting
• Drowsiness and fatigue
• Personality changes, such as irritability and aggression
• Confusion
• Disordered speech
• Hallucinations
• Convulsions
• Hyperventilation—rapid or deep breathing
• Loss of consciousness

Later symptoms may progress to:

• Coma
• Seizures
• Inability to breathe without help

Call a doctor immediately if you or your child has any of these symptoms, especially after a viral infection.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Blood tests will be done to evaluate the liver function. To eliminate possibility of other illnesses or disease, your doctor may order tests such as:

• Spinal tap —to look for infections of the spine or brain
• Liver biopsy
• Metabolic tests

Spinal Tap–Lumbar Puncture Method

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Treatment

Early diagnosis and treatment are important for a successful recovery.

Treatment is focused on protecting the brain and other organs from damage. Options include:

Prevention

The exact cause of Reyes is not known but the following may decrease the risk of Reyes syndrome:

• Do not give aspirin to children and teens with a current or recent viral infection. Check with your doctor before giving aspirin to a child or teen.
• Avoid giving children and teens medications that contain salicylates. Examples include Alka-Seltzer, Anacin, Bufferin, and Pepto-Bismol.