Definition

Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva. The vulva includes the:

• Labia—labia majora and labia minora
• Clitoris
• Vaginal opening

Female Genitalia

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Causes

The causes of vulvodynia are not completely known, but may include:

• Infection
• Changes in the vulvar tissue
• Abnormal nerve sensation

Risk Factors

Factors that increase your chance of developing vulvodynia include:

• Recurrent yeast infections
• Frequent use of antibiotics
• Irritation to the genitals by soaps or detergents
• Genital rashes
• Previous treatment or surgery to the external genitals
• History of genital warts
• Pelvic nerve irritation or muscle spasms
• History of sexual abuse
• History of sexual violence

Symptoms

Vulvodynia causes the following symptoms of the vulva:

• Pain, which may come and go
• Burning
• Stinging
• Irritation
• Rawness

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. It may include a pelvic exam. Tests may include:

• Your bodily tissues and fluids may need to be tested. This can be done with:
  • Tests to check for bacteria and/or yeast
  • Biopsy
• The affected area may need to be examined closely. This can be done using a colposcope to magnify the area.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include:

Prevention

The causes of vulvodynia are not clearly understood. There is no known way to prevent this condition.