· air or gas embolism

· decompression sickness

· carbon monoxide poisoning

· severe blood loss anemia

· selected problem wounds

· severe diabetic foot ulcers

· clostridial myositis and myonecrosis (gas gangrene)

· compromised skin grafts or flaps 
· severe crush injuries w/open fractures

· acute compartment syndromes

· chronic refractory osteomyelitis

· delayed radiation injuries (soft tissue and bony necrosis)

· necrotizing soft tissue infections

· intracranial abscess

· thermal burns

· refractory actinomycosis